1997 Mercury Cougar P0430, P0171, P0174 OBD-II Codes: Engine Stalls on Start, Fuel Trim Issues
I own a 1997 Mercury Cougar and am experiencing persistent OBD-II diagnostic trouble codes: P0430 (catalyst system efficiency below threshold), P0171 (system too lean), and P0174 (system too rich). Fuel trim readings show: - Cold start: Short-term fuel trim at +35%, long-term at 7% - Warm engine: Short-term fuel trim fluctuates between +5% and -5%, long-term at 7% Symptoms include: - Engine stalls immediately after starting - On cold days, I must press the accelerator to increase RPM until the engine warms up - In very cold conditions, I need to start the engine three times before it runs smoothly - Once running, the vehicle operates normally—no issues during driving, stopping, or acceleration I have already cleaned both the Mass Air Flow (MAF) sensor and the Idle Air Control (IAC) solenoid. I do not believe there is a significant intake manifold leak because I don’t experience post-start problems such as rough idling or stalling after warm-up. What could be causing this? Can someone explain the root cause? Additional details: - MAF reading: 1.2 lb/min at 900 RPM - Long-term fuel trim is consistently around 7%, which seems high for a lean condition - After disconnecting the MAF, short-term fuel trim dropped to -20% and long-term to +10%; when reconnected, it returned to +10% and +20% - IAC was removed and tested—air blown through with blocked bleed hole; no change in RPM or fuel trim I am hesitant to replace the MAF sensor ($150) without confirmation. Is there a more cost-effective diagnosis first? What should I check next?
Vacuum leaks remain a potential cause, as do low fuel pressure issues—both could contribute to the symptoms described.