P0339 Fault Only in Extreme Cold: 2004 Honda Civic LX 1.7L Engine Diagnosis

I own a 2004 Honda Civic LX with a 1.7L engine and am experiencing a recurring issue that only appears when temperatures drop below -32°C, such as in Winnipeg during winter. The car throws a P0339 diagnostic trouble code specifically when starting in cold weather. Upon startup, the tachometer shows erratic RPM fluctuations—spiking up and down—and the engine eventually stalls. Pressing the accelerator pedal allows me to rev the engine, which typically prevents stalling. After about 3–5 seconds of sustained acceleration, the vehicle returns to normal operation and idles smoothly. The P033 in this case only reappears when temperatures drop again. I recently replaced the 12V battery with a new OEM 500CCA unit, but the issue persists both before and after the replacement—confirming it is not related to the battery. Despite this, the problem occurs consistently under extreme cold conditions. What could be causing this P0339 code in my 2004 Honda Civic LX? Any insights or potential fixes would be greatly appreciated.